Create 'timeDate' objects

Create a "timeDate" object from scratch from a character vector or other suitable objects.

Usage

timeDate(charvec, format = NULL, zone = "", FinCenter = "", ...)

# S4 method for class 'character'
timeDate(charvec, format = NULL, zone = "", FinCenter = "", 
         dst_gap = "+")

## methods for as.timeDate
# Default S3 method
as.timeDate(x, zone = "", FinCenter = "")  

# S3 method for class 'POSIXt'
as.timeDate(x, zone = "", FinCenter = "")

# S3 method for class 'Date'
as.timeDate(x, zone = "", FinCenter = "")

# S3 method for class 'timeDate'
as.timeDate(x, zone = x@FinCenter, FinCenter = "")  

strptimeDate(x, format = whichFormat(x), tz = "")

Arguments

charvec

a character vector or vector of dates and times.

format

the format specification of the input character vector.

zone

the time zone or financial center where the data were recorded.

FinCenter

a character with the location of the financial center named as "continent/city".

dst_gap

a character string specifying what to do with non-existent times falling in a DST gap: add an hour ("+"), subtract an hour ("-"), set to NA ("NA"), or ignore (""). When the ‘ignore’ option is used the code to check for this kind of faulty times is skipped and the result will be equivalent to "+" or "-" but which one is not defined. This could be useful when you are certain that there are no times in DST gaps or don't care how they are dealt with.

x

for strptimeDate, a character string or vector of dates and times. For the as.timeDate methods, an object from a class that can be converted to "timeDate". The default method converts x to character.

tz

a character with the location of the financial center named as "continent/city", or short "city".

...

further arguments for methods.

Details

timeDate creates objects from class "timeDate" from character vectors, objects from several date/time classes, and other suitable objects.. It is an S4 generic function and this page describes the methods defined in package timeDate, see section ‘Methods’.

Note that zone is the time zone of the input, while FinCenter is the ‘current’ time zone, typically but not necessarilly where the code is run. To change one or both of these time zones of an existing "timeDate" object, call timeDate() on it, see the method for charvec = "timeDate" in section ‘Methods’.

The methods for as.timeDate call timeDate, maybe after some minor preparation. The default method for as.timeDate converts x to character before calling timeDate.

strptimeDate is a wrapper of timeDate, suitable when zone and FinCenter are the same, It has the same arguments as strptime. If format is missing it tries to deduce it. If tz is missing it sets it to the value of the Rmetrics option "myFinCenter".

Value

an object of class "timeDate"

Methods

The following methods for timeDate are defined in package timeDate.

signature(charvec = "ANY")

Converts charvec to character and calls timeDate on the result.

signature(charvec = "character")

...

signature(charvec = "Date")

...

signature(charvec = "missing")

Returns the current time as "timeDate" object.

signature(charvec = "numeric")

...

signature(charvec = "POSIXt")

...

signature(charvec = "timeDate")

Changes the time zone and/or financial center of charvec to the requested ones. If zone is missing or equal to the empty string, just changes the financial center.

Examples

## character vector strings:
dts <- c("1989-09-28", "2001-01-15", "2004-08-30", "1990-02-09")
tms <- c(  "23:12:55",   "10:34:02",   "08:30:00",   "11:18:23")

dts; tms
#> [1] "1989-09-28" "2001-01-15" "2004-08-30" "1990-02-09"
#> [1] "23:12:55" "10:34:02" "08:30:00" "11:18:23"

t1 <- timeDate(dts, format = "%Y-%m-%d", FinCenter = "GMT" )
t1
#> GMT
#> [1] [1989-09-28] [2001-01-15] [2004-08-30] [1990-02-09]

stopifnot(identical(t1, timeDate(dts, FinC = "GMT"))) # auto-format

timeDate(dts, format = "%Y-%m-%d", FinCenter = "Europe/Zurich")
#> Europe/Zurich
#> [1] [1989-09-28 01:00:00] [2001-01-15 01:00:00] [2004-08-30 02:00:00]
#> [4] [1990-02-09 01:00:00]

timeDate(paste(dts, tms), format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
     zone = "GMT", FinCenter = "GMT")
#> GMT
#> [1] [1989-09-28 23:12:55] [2001-01-15 10:34:02] [2004-08-30 08:30:00]
#> [4] [1990-02-09 11:18:23]

timeDate(paste(dts, tms), 
     zone = "Europe/Zurich", FinCenter = "Europe/Zurich")
#> Europe/Zurich
#> [1] [1989-09-28 23:12:55] [2001-01-15 10:34:02] [2004-08-30 08:30:00]
#> [4] [1990-02-09 11:18:23]

timeDate(paste(dts, tms), format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
     zone = "GMT", FinCenter = "Europe/Zurich")
#> Europe/Zurich
#> [1] [1989-09-29 00:12:55] [2001-01-15 11:34:02] [2004-08-30 10:30:00]
#> [4] [1990-02-09 12:18:23]

## non standard format:
timeDate(paste(20:31, "03.2005", sep="."), format = "%d.%m.%Y")
#> GMT
#>  [1] [2005-03-20] [2005-03-21] [2005-03-22] [2005-03-23] [2005-03-24]
#>  [6] [2005-03-25] [2005-03-26] [2005-03-27] [2005-03-28] [2005-03-29]
#> [11] [2005-03-30] [2005-03-31]

## ISO and American formats are auto-detected:
timeDate("2004-12-31", FinCenter = "GMT")
#> GMT
#> [1] [2004-12-31]
timeDate("12/11/2004", FinCenter = "GMT")
#> GMT
#> [1] [2004-12-11]
timeDate("1/31/2004") # auto-detect American format
#> GMT
#> [1] [2004-01-31]

## ... from POSIX?t, and containing NAs:
lsec <- as.POSIXlt(.leap.seconds)
lsec
#>  [1] "1972-07-01 GMT" "1973-01-01 GMT" "1974-01-01 GMT" "1975-01-01 GMT"
#>  [5] "1976-01-01 GMT" "1977-01-01 GMT" "1978-01-01 GMT" "1979-01-01 GMT"
#>  [9] "1980-01-01 GMT" "1981-07-01 GMT" "1982-07-01 GMT" "1983-07-01 GMT"
#> [13] "1985-07-01 GMT" "1988-01-01 GMT" "1990-01-01 GMT" "1991-01-01 GMT"
#> [17] "1992-07-01 GMT" "1993-07-01 GMT" "1994-07-01 GMT" "1996-01-01 GMT"
#> [21] "1997-07-01 GMT" "1999-01-01 GMT" "2006-01-01 GMT" "2009-01-01 GMT"
#> [25] "2012-07-01 GMT" "2015-07-01 GMT" "2017-01-01 GMT"
lsec[c(2,4:6)] <- NA
timeDate(lsec)
#> GMT
#>  [1] [1972-07-01] [NA]         [1974-01-01] [NA]         [NA]        
#>  [6] [NA]         [1978-01-01] [1979-01-01] [1980-01-01] [1981-07-01]
#> [11] [1982-07-01] [1983-07-01] [1985-07-01] [1988-01-01] [1990-01-01]
#> [16] [1991-01-01] [1992-07-01] [1993-07-01] [1994-07-01] [1996-01-01]
#> [21] [1997-07-01] [1999-01-01] [2006-01-01] [2009-01-01] [2012-07-01]
#> [26] [2015-07-01] [2017-01-01]

dtms <- paste(dts,tms)
dtms[2:3] <- NA
timeDate(dtms, FinCenter = "Europe/Zurich")
#> Europe/Zurich
#> [1] [1989-09-29 00:12:55] [NA]                  [NA]                 
#> [4] [1990-02-09 12:18:23]

## NAs in dates and/or times
dts2 <- c("1989-09-28", NA, "2004-08-30", "1990-02-09")
tms2 <- c(  "23:12:55",   "10:34:02",   NA,   "11:18:23")
## this throws error (since NAs are converted to the string "NA"):
## timeDate(paste(dts,tms), FinCenter = "Europe/Zurich")
## ## Error in midnightStandard2(charvec, format) :
## ##   'charvec' has non-NA entries of different number of characters
##
## these work:
td1 <- timeDate(pasteMat(cbind(dts, tms)), FinCenter = "Europe/Zurich")
td2 <- timeDate(pasteMat(dts, tms), FinCenter = "Europe/Zurich")
identical(td1, td2) ## TRUE
#> [1] TRUE

## NA's that appear due to non-existent times;
## on 27/03/1983 in Sofia the clock jumped at midnight to 1am
Sofia_to_DST_char <- c("1983-03-26 23:00:00",
    "1983-03-27 00:00:00", # change to DST; 0am doesn't exist in Sofia on this date
    "1983-03-27 01:00:00",
    "1983-03-27 02:00:00",
    "1983-03-27 03:00:00")

## by default, the non-existent time is moved to the next valid time,
## this is equivalent to dst_gap = "+"
Sofia_to_DST <- timeDate(Sofia_to_DST_char, zone = "Sofia", FinCenter = "Sofia")

## use dst_gap = "NA" to turn invalid times into NA's
Sofia_to_DSTa <- timeDate(Sofia_to_DST_char, zone = "Sofia", FinCenter = "Sofia",
                          dst_gap = "NA")
Sofia_to_DSTa
#> Sofia
#> [1] [1983-03-26 23:00:00] [NA]                  [1983-03-27 01:00:00]
#> [4] [1983-03-27 02:00:00] [1983-03-27 03:00:00]

cbind(Sofia_to_DST_char,
      Sofia_to_DST = format(Sofia_to_DST),
      Sofia_to_DSTa = format(Sofia_to_DSTa)
      )
#>      Sofia_to_DST_char     Sofia_to_DST          Sofia_to_DSTa        
#> [1,] "1983-03-26 23:00:00" "1983-03-26 23:00:00" "1983-03-26 23:00:00"
#> [2,] "1983-03-27 00:00:00" "1983-03-27 01:00:00" NA                   
#> [3,] "1983-03-27 01:00:00" "1983-03-27 01:00:00" "1983-03-27 01:00:00"
#> [4,] "1983-03-27 02:00:00" "1983-03-27 02:00:00" "1983-03-27 02:00:00"
#> [5,] "1983-03-27 03:00:00" "1983-03-27 03:00:00" "1983-03-27 03:00:00"

## dst_gap = "-" rolls the invalid time back
Sofia_to_DSTb <- timeDate(Sofia_to_DST_char, zone = "Sofia", FinCenter = "Sofia",
                          dst_gap = "-")
Sofia_to_DSTb
#> Sofia
#> [1] [1983-03-26 23:00:00] [1983-03-26 23:00:00] [1983-03-27 01:00:00]
#> [4] [1983-03-27 02:00:00] [1983-03-27 03:00:00]

## Coerce a 'Date' object into a 'timeDate' object:
as.timeDate(Sys.Date())
#> GMT
#> [1] [2025-10-17]